Base
Definition and meaning of Base in chemistry.
A base is a substance that donates hydroxide ions (OH⁻) in solution or accepts protons (H⁺) according to Brønsted-Lowry theory. Bases produce solutions with pH greater than 7 at 25°C.
In more detail
Bases can be strong (completely ionize in water like sodium hydroxide) or weak (partially ionize like ammonia). Common bases include group 1 metal hydroxides and ammonia. Bases are essential in biological systems, water treatment, and industrial synthesis, where they neutralize acids in neutralization reactions that produce salts and water.
Key facts
| Field | General Chemistry |
|---|---|
| pH Range | > 7 at 25°C |
| Common Formula | NaOH, NH3, Ca(OH)2 |
| Ionization | Strong bases completely ionize; weak bases partially ionize |
Ammonia (NH3) is a weak base commonly used in cleaning products, fertilizer manufacturing, and laboratory chemistry.
Frequently asked questions
What is the difference between a strong and weak base?
A strong base completely ionizes in water, releasing all its hydroxide ions (like NaOH). A weak base only partially ionizes, establishing equilibrium between ionized and molecular forms (like NH3).
How do bases react with acids?
Bases and acids undergo neutralization reactions, producing water and a salt. For example: NaOH + HCl → NaCl + H2O.