Neutralization
Definition and meaning of Neutralization in chemistry.
Neutralization is a chemical reaction in which an acid and a base react quantitatively with each other to produce water and a salt. This process typically brings the pH of the resulting solution closer to 7.0, which is considered neutral.
In more detail
In a neutralization reaction in an aqueous solution, the hydrogen ions (H+) from the acid combine with the hydroxide ions (OH-) from the base to form liquid water molecules. The remaining spectator ions from the acid and base form an ionic compound known generally as a salt. This is almost always an exothermic process, meaning it releases heat energy into the surrounding environment. If a strong acid and a strong base react in perfectly stoichiometric equivalent amounts, the final solution will have a neutral pH.
Key facts
| Field | General Chemistry |
|---|---|
| General Formula | Acid + Base -> Salt + Water |
| Enthalpy | Generally an exothermic process |
The chemical reaction between hydrochloric acid (HCl) and sodium hydroxide (NaOH) produces sodium chloride (NaCl) and water (H2O).
Frequently asked questions
Does a neutralization reaction always result in a pH of exactly 7?
No, if a weak acid reacts with a strong base, the resulting salt solution will be slightly basic.