Proton
Definition and meaning of Proton in chemistry.
A proton is a positively charged subatomic particle found in the nucleus of every atom. The number of protons in an atom determines its atomic number, which defines the chemical element and its place on the periodic table.
In more detail
Protons are one of the two main types of nucleons (the other being neutrons) that make up the nucleus. Each proton carries a single positive charge with a magnitude opposite to that of an electron. The electrostatic attraction between the positively charged protons in the nucleus and the negatively charged electrons orbiting outside holds atoms together and is fundamental to all chemistry. Protons are stable particles that do not decay under normal circumstances.
Key facts
| Charge | +1 (elementary charge) |
|---|---|
| Mass | 1.007 amu; approximately 1,836 times the electron mass |
| Location | Nucleus of atom |
| Field | General Chemistry |
A hydrogen-1 atom contains one proton and one electron. A carbon-12 atom contains six protons, six neutrons, and six electrons, while a uranium-238 atom contains 92 protons in its nucleus.
Frequently asked questions
Why does the number of protons define an element?
The atomic number (number of protons) is the unique identifying feature of each element. All atoms with the same number of protons are atoms of the same element and share the same basic chemistry, regardless of how many neutrons are present.
How do protons and electrons interact?
Protons in the nucleus attract electrons through electrostatic force, holding them in orbitals around the nucleus. This attraction is what binds electrons to atoms and enables chemical bonding.