Saturated Solution
Definition and meaning of Saturated Solution in chemistry.
A saturated solution is one in which the maximum amount of solute has dissolved at a given temperature and pressure. At saturation, no additional solute can dissolve under these conditions.
In more detail
In a saturated solution, the rate of dissolution equals the rate of precipitation, establishing dynamic equilibrium between dissolved and undissolved solute. Saturation is temperature-dependent: for most solids, heating a saturated solution permits additional solute to dissolve because the saturation point increases with temperature. The presence of undissolved solute particles (crystals or sediment) at the bottom of a container confirms saturation. Understanding saturation is essential for predicting solution composition and determining solubility limits.
Key facts
| Maximum capacity | Solute amount at the saturation point for a specific temperature and pressure |
|---|---|
| Temperature dependence | Saturation limit increases with temperature for most ionic solids and molecular compounds |
| Equilibrium condition | Dissolution rate equals precipitation rate; system is in dynamic equilibrium |
| Field | Physical Chemistry |
At 20 degrees Celsius, a maximum of approximately 36 grams of sodium chloride (NaCl) dissolves in 100 milliliters of water. Any additional salt will precipitate as crystals at the bottom, signaling that the solution is saturated.
Frequently asked questions
How do you confirm a solution is saturated?
Undissolved solute particles visible at the bottom indicate saturation. Stirring does not dissolve additional solute.
What happens if you heat a saturated solution?
For most solids, heating increases the saturation point, allowing additional solute to dissolve without precipitation.