Single Bond
Definition and meaning of Single Bond in chemistry.
A single bond is a covalent bond formed when two atoms share one pair of electrons.
In more detail
Single bonds are the most common type of covalent bond in chemistry and are represented as a single line between bonded atoms (for example, H-H, C-H, O-H). They consist of a sigma bond formed by direct overlap of atomic orbitals along the internuclear axis. Single bonds allow free rotation around the bond axis, which is important for molecular flexibility. Single bonds are typically weaker in total bond energy than double or triple bonds between the same two atoms. They are found extensively in alkanes, alcohols, ethers, amines, and numerous inorganic compounds.
Key facts
| Bond representation | Single line connecting atoms |
|---|---|
| Electrons shared | One pair (2 electrons) |
| Rotational freedom | Yes, unrestricted rotation allowed |
| Field | General Chemistry |
In water (H2O), two single bonds connect the oxygen atom to each hydrogen atom.
Frequently asked questions
How is a single bond different from a double bond?
A double bond involves two electron pairs and prevents rotation around the bond, while a single bond involves one electron pair and permits free rotation.
What are some common examples of single bonds?
Single bonds are found throughout chemistry, including H-H in hydrogen gas, C-H in methane and other hydrocarbons, O-H in water and alcohols, and C-C in alkanes.