Plasma
Definition and meaning of Plasma in chemistry.
Plasma is the fourth state of matter, consisting of a highly ionized gas containing approximately equal numbers of positive ions and free electrons. It is formed when a gas is heated to extreme temperatures or subjected to a strong electromagnetic field, causing electrons to strip away from their atoms.
In more detail
Because it contains a large concentration of free charge carriers, plasma is highly electrically conductive and responds strongly to external magnetic and electric fields. Unlike a normal neutral gas, plasma can carry substantial electrical currents and generate its own complex magnetic fields. It is the most abundant form of ordinary matter in the universe, making up stars, the solar wind, and the interstellar medium, though it is rare on Earth's surface under natural conditions. Containing and manipulating plasma is a major focus in the development of controlled nuclear fusion for energy production.
Key facts
| Field | Physical Chemistry |
|---|---|
| Composition | Positive ions and free electrons |
| Defining property | High electrical conductivity |
| Abundance | Most common state of ordinary matter in the universe |
The glowing gas inside a neon sign is a form of plasma, created when high voltage is applied to the neon gas, ionizing it and causing it to emit colored light.
Frequently asked questions
How is plasma different from a gas?
A gas consists of neutral molecules, while plasma consists of charged particles, giving plasma distinct electromagnetic properties such as the ability to conduct electricity.