Paraffins
Definition and meaning of Paraffins in chemistry.
Paraffins are saturated hydrocarbons (alkanes) composed entirely of carbon and hydrogen atoms linked by single bonds, with the general formula CnH2n+2.
In more detail
Paraffins are derived primarily from petroleum through fractional distillation, where crude oil is separated into fractions based on boiling point. These compounds are chemically inert and hydrophobic (water-repelling), explaining their widespread use in paraffin wax for candles and cosmetics, mineral oils for lubrication, and insulation materials in electrical equipment. The name originates from the Latin phrase "parum affinis" (little affinity), reflecting their resistance to chemical reactions. Paraffins can be straight-chain (n-alkanes) or branched; chain length directly influences physical properties, with longer chains having higher melting and boiling points. This makes shorter paraffins (like hexane) liquids at room temperature, while longer ones (like those in paraffin wax) are solids.
Key facts
| Chemical formula | CnH2n+2 (acyclic alkanes) |
|---|---|
| Field | Organic Chemistry |
| Primary source | Crude oil and petroleum products |
| Key property | Chemically inert and hydrophobic |
Octane (C8H18), a major component of gasoline, is a common paraffin; hexane (C6H14) is a volatile paraffin used as a solvent in laboratories and industry.
Frequently asked questions
Why are paraffins called 'parum affinis'?
The name comes from Latin meaning 'little affinity,' referring to paraffins' extremely low reactivity due to their stable single carbon-carbon bonds.
How do paraffins differ from alkenes?
Paraffins are saturated hydrocarbons with only single bonds, while alkenes contain carbon-carbon double bonds, making alkenes much more reactive.