Lithium
Definition and meaning of Lithium in chemistry.
Lithium is a soft, silvery-white alkali metal with the atomic number 3 and the chemical symbol Li. It is the lightest known metal and the lightest solid element under standard temperature and pressure conditions.
In more detail
As an alkali metal, lithium is highly reactive and flammable, meaning it must be stored in mineral oil to prevent it from reacting violently with moisture in the air. Despite its high reactivity, it is less reactive than the heavier alkali metals like sodium or potassium. Lithium has a single valence electron which it readily donates to form a stable cation (Li+). Its unique chemical properties and low density make it incredibly valuable for modern energy storage technologies, specifically in rechargeable lithium-ion batteries.
Key facts
| Field | Inorganic Chemistry |
|---|---|
| Symbol | Li |
| Atomic number | 3 |
| Common oxidation state | +1 |
Lithium carbonate is a widely prescribed psychiatric medication used globally for the effective treatment of bipolar disorder and mood stabilization.
Frequently asked questions
Why is lithium used in batteries?
It is the lightest metal and has the highest standard oxidation potential, providing a very high energy density for battery applications.