1) The biological and geographic study of the properties of carbon's chemical properties in relation to other reactive gases in the atmosphere.
source: [The Ages of Gaia; Lovelock, J.; pg. 30, 34, 62; 1988; Bantam; NY.] [Climate Systems Modeling ; Salby, Murry; Ed. Kevin E Trenberth; pg. 452, 489; 1992; Cambridge University Press; London.]